၁၉၈၈ နောက် မြန်မာ့သမိုင်း

 

1.      ၁၉၉၀ ကို မီလိုက်တဲ့ ကလေးတွေ အတွက် ရှင်းပြစေချင်ပါတယ်ဗျ

2.      အဲဒီအချိန်မှာ ခြေဥမရှိတာကို အကြောင်းပြပြီး စစ်အုပ်စုက ညစ်တာက အဓိက ကိစ္စလား ဆရာ။

3.      ကျွန်တော် ၉နှစ်သားတုန်းကပေါ့။ အဲ့ဒီအချိန်ကတည်းက စစ်အုပ်စုမှာ လူကြီးလူကောင်းတယောက်မှ မရှိမှန်းသိခဲ့တယ်ဆရာရေ။

 

အခုကာလမှာ လူအများစုက အရှည်ကြီးတော့ ဖတ်ချိန် မရှိလောက်။ ၁၉၉၀ မေလ ၂၇ ရက်မှာ ရွေးကောက်ပွဲတခု ရှိခဲ့တယ်။ လွှတ်တော်ခေါ်ခွင့် မရခဲ့ပါ။

 

·        ၁၉၈၈ မတ်လကစပြီး ဆန္ဒပြမှုတွေဖြစ်။

·        ၁၈-၉-၁၉၈၈ နေ့ နဝတ အမည်နဲ့ ဗမခက စောမောင်က အာဏာသိမ်း။ ပါတီစုံ ရွေးကောက်ပွဲ ကျင်ပပေးမည် ကြေညာ။

·        ၂၇-၅-၁၉၉၀ ရွေးကောက်ပွဲကျင်းပ။ NLD ပါတီက ၄၈၅ နေရာမှာ ၃၉၂ + ၃ နေရာအနိုင်ရ။

·        ၂၇-၇-၁၉၉ဝ မှာ နဝတ စစ်အစိုးရက ၁၉၉၀ ရွေးကောက်ခံရတဲ့အမတ်တွေဟာ ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအသစ်ရေးဘို့ တာဝန်ရှိသူတွေ ဖြစ်တယ်လို့ ကြေညာ။

·        ၂၈-၇-၁၉၉၀ နေ့ NLD က ၃ လအတွင်းလွှတ်တော်ခေါ်ပေးဘို့ တောင်းဆို။

·        ၂၄-၄-၁၉၉၂ အမျိုးသားညီလာခံကျင်းပပြီး ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံသစ်ရေးဆွဲမယ်လို့ကြေညာ။

·        ၁၀-၇-၁၉၉၂ ကိုယ်စားလှယ်အမည်စာရင်းကြေညာ။ ၇၀၂ ယောက်။

·        ၁၉၉၂ ဧပြီလမှာ ဗခမက သန်းရွှေက ဗမခက စောမောင်ကို သတ်ပြီး နိုင်ငံတော် အေးချမ်းသာယာရေးနှင့် ဖွံ့ဖြိုးရေးကောင်စီ (နအဖ) အမည်ပြောင်းအုပ်ချုပ်တယ်။

·        ၁၆-၉-၁၉၉၂ အခြေခံမူ ၁၀၄ ချက်ထုတ်ပြန်။

·        ၂-၁၀-၁၉၉၂ ဦးတည်ချက် ၆ ရပ်ထုတ်ပြန်။

·        ၉-၁-၁၉၉၃ အမျိုးသားညီလာခံ စတင်ကျင်းပ။ စုစုပေါင်း ၇၀၂ ယောက်မှာ လွှတ်တော်ကိုယ်စားလှယ် ၉၉ ယောက်သာ တက်ရ။ ၁၅့၂၄% သာဖြစ်။

·        ၇-၄-၁၉၉၃ အမျိုးသားညီလာခံ ရပ်ဆိုင်းလိုက်ရ။

·        ၇-၆-၁၉၉၃ ပြန်စ။

·        ၁၅-၉-၁၉၉၃ ကြံ့ခိုင်ရေးအဖွဲ့ ဖွဲ့စည်း။

·        ၁၆-၉-၁၉၉၃ အခြေခံမူ ၁၀၄ ချက်ချ။ ရပ်ဆိုင်းလိုက်ရပြန်။

·        ၂-၉-၁၉၉၄ ပြန်စပြန်။

·        ၂၈-၁၁-၁၉၉၅ NLD ၈၆ ဦးမှ ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံ ပြန်လည်စဉ်းစားရန်တောင်းဆို။

·        ၂၉-၁၁-၁၉၉၅ NLD ပါတီမှတက်ရောက်သူများအား ထုတ်ပယ်လိုက်။

·        ၃၁-၃-၁၉၉၆ ပြန်စ။ NLD မပါတော့။

·        ၇-၆-၁၉၉၆ ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံ ဆန့်ကျင်သူများအားအရေးယူရန် ၅/၉၆ ထုတ်ပြန်။

·        ၁၈-၁၁-၁၉၉၇ နဝတ မှ နအဖ အမည်ပြောင်း။

·        ၁၆-၉-၁၉၉၈ ပြည်သူ့လွှတ်တော်ကိုယ်စားပြုကော်မတီ CRPP ဖွဲ့စည်း။

·        ၃၀-၅-၂၀၀၃ ဒီပဲယင်းမှာ ဒေါ်အောင်ဆန်းစုကြည်နဲ့အဖွဲ့ ကို စစ်အစိုးရက လုပ်ကြံမှုကြီးပြုလုပ်။ ဒေါ်စုနဲ့ ဦးတင်ဦးတို့ အသက်မသေ။

·        ၃၀-၈-၂၀၀၃ လမ်းပြမြေပုံ ၇ ချက်ထုတ်ပြန်။

·        ၁၇-၂-၂၀၀၅ မှ ၃၁-၃-၂၀၀၅ အထိ အမျိုးသားညီလာခံ ပြန်ကျင်းပ။ ကိုယ်စားလှယ် ၁၀၇၅ ယောက် တက်ရောက်။

·        ၁၈-၇-၂၀၀၇ နောက်ဆုံးအစည်းအဝေးကျင်းပ။ နောက်ဆုံးညောင်နှစ်ပင်ညီလာခံမှာ လွှတ်တော်ကိုယ်စားလှယ် ၁့၃၈% ပါရှိ။

·        အမျိုးသားညီလာခံကို၉-၁-၁၉၉၂ နေ့ကစပြီး ၁၈-၇-၂၀၀၇ နေ့မှာပြီးစီးတဲ့အတွက် စုစုပေါင်း ၁၅ နှစ် ၆ လ နဲ့ ၉ ရက်ကြာ မြင့်ခဲ့။

·        ၉-၂-၂၀၀၈ ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံကို ၂၀၀၈ မေလထဲမှာ ဆန္ဒခံယူပွဲလုပ်မည်ဟု ကြေညာ။

·        ၁၉-၂-၂၀၀၈ ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံ ရေးပြီးဟုကြေညာ။

·        ၂-၄-၂၀၀၈ NLD မှ ဆန္ဒခံယူပွဲ No ဟု ကြေညာ။

·        ၉-၄-၂၀၀၈ ဆန္ဒခံယူပွဲကျင်းပရေးကော်မတီဖွဲ့။ မေ ၁၀ မှာ ကျင်းပမည်။

·         ၂-၅-၂၀၀၁၈ နာဂစ်ဆိုင်ကလုံး တိုက်ခတ်။ လူပေါင်း ၁၃,၄ဝဝဝ ယောက် အသက်ဆုံးပါးခဲ့။

·         ၁၀-၅-၂၀၀၈ ဆန္ဒခံယူပွဲမှာ ထောက်ခံမဲ 24,764,124 (၉၃့၈၂%) ဟုကြေညာ။

·        ၁၅-၁၁-၂ဝ၁ဝ နေ့ထုတ် မြန်မာ့အလင်းသတင်းစာမှာ တောင်ငူမဲဆန္ဒနယ်မြေတွင် မဲပေးပိုင်ခွင့်ရှိသူပေါင်း ၇၄၆၄၆ ယောက်၊ ထောက်ခံမဲပေးသူပေါင်း ၇၁,၂၂၇ + ကြိုတင်မဲ ၄,၉၇၇ = ၇၆၂,ဝ၁၄၊ ရာနှုန်းအားဖြင့် ၁ဝ၂% ကနေ ထောက်ခံတယ်လို့ ပါခဲ့တယ်။ နောက်မှာ ပြန်ပြင်ဆင်။

·        ၂၇-၃-၂ဝ၁၄ နေ့က တပ်မတော်နေ့ မိန်းခွန်းမှာ ဆန္ဒခံယူပွဲမှာ ထောက်ခံမှု ၉၂့၄၈% ရှိတယ်လို့ပြောကြား။

·        ၇-၇-၂၀၁၉ နေ့ကစပြီး ၂၀၀၈ ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံပြင်ဆင်ရေး လွှတ်တော်မှာ စတင်ကြိုးပမ်း။ မအောင်မြင်။

 

၁၉၉၀ အထွေထွေရွေးကောက်ပွဲ

၂-၃-၁၉၆၂ နေ့မှာ ဖဆပလ ဦးနုအစိုးရဆီကနေ စစ်တပ်က တော်လှန်ရေးကောင်စီအမည်နဲ့ အာဏာသိမ်း။ ၁၉၇၄ ကစပြီး ပါတီစနစ်ဖွဲစည်းပုံနဲ့ မြန်မာ့ဆိုရှယ်လစ်လမ်းစဉ်ပါတီ (မဆလ) ကနေ အုပ်ချုပ်။ ၁၉၈၇ မှာ တိုင်းပြည်ဟာ LDC ခေါ် ဖွဲ့ဖြိုးမှုအနည်းဆုံး နိုင်ငံဖြစ်။ ၁၉၈၈ မှာ တိုင်းပြည်တခုလုံး အုံကြွဆန္ဒပြ။ ၁၈-၉-၁၉၈၈ မှ နဝတ အမည်နဲ့ စစ်တပ်က အာဏာသိမ်းပြန်တယ်။ ရွေးကောက်ပွဲကျင်ပပေးမယ်လို့ ကတိပေးတယ်။ ၂၇-၅-၁၉၉၀ နေ့မှာ ပါတီစုံဒီမိုကရေစီ အထွေထွေ ရွေးကောက်ပွဲကျင်းပ။ ရွေးကောက်ပွဲမှာ NLD အမျိုးသား ဒီမိုကရေစီအဖွဲ့ချုပ်က စုစုပေါင်း ၄၈၅ နေရာမှာ (၃၉၂ + ၃) နေရာ အနိုင်ရတယ်။ ဗခမက စောမောင် နိုင်ငံတော်ငြိမ်ဝပ်ပိပြားမှုတည်ဆောက်ရေးကောင်စီ (နဝတ) စစ်အစိုးရက ရလဒ်ကို အသိအမှတ်ပြုရန် ငြင်းဆန်။ NLD အမတ်တွေကို အစုလိုက်ဖမ်းတယ်။ လက်မှတ်ထိုးခိုင်းတယ်။ ၃၅ ယောက် ပြည်ပထွက်ပြေးရ။

 

NCGUB

ထိုင်းနယ်စပ် မာနယ်ပလောမှာ ပြည်ထောင်စုမြန်မာနိုင်ငံ အမျိုးသား ညွန့်ပေါင်းအစိုးရ (NCGUB) ကို ၁၈-၁၂-၁၉၉၀ နေ့မှာ ဖွဲ့စည်းတယ်။ ၂ဝ၁၂ ခုနှစ်၊ စက်တင်္ဘာလ (၁၄) ရက်နေ့မှစ၍ ဖျက်သိမ်းလို်က်ပြီဖြစ်ကြောင်း ထုတ်ပြန်ကြေညာ။

 

၁၉၉၀ ရွေးကောက်ပွဲ

ရွေးကောက်ပွဲကျင်းပရန်သတ်မှတ်ထားသည့် မဲဆန္ဒနယ်ပေါင်း ၄၉၂

ရွေးကောက်ပွဲကျင်းပခဲ့သည့် မဲဆန္ဒနယ်ပေါင်း ၄၈၅

 

ရလဒ်

ပါတီအမည် အမတ်နေရာ

(၁) အမျိုးသားဒီမိုကရေစီအဖွဲ့ချုပ်၊ ၃၉၂

(၂) ရှမ်းတိုင်းရင်းသားများဒီမိုကရေစီအဖွဲ့ချုပ်၊ ၂၃

(၃) တိုင်းရင်းသားစည်းလုံးညီညွတ်ရေးပါတီ၊ ၁၀

(၄) ပြည်ထောင်စုပအိုပ်အမျိုးသားအဖွဲ့ချုပ်၊ ၃

(၅) ရှမ်းပြည်ကိုးကန့်ဒီမိုကရက်တစ်ပါတီ၊ ၁

(၆) မြို (ခေါ်) ခမီ အမျိုးသားညီညွတ်ရေးအဖွဲ့၊ ၁

(၇) လားဟူအမျိုးသားဖွံ့ဖြိုးတိုးတက်ရေးပါတီ၊ ၁

(၈) ကိုးကန့်ဒီမိုကရေစီနှင့်ညီညွတ်ရေးပါတီ၊ ဝ

(၉) ပြည်ထောင်စု ကရင်အမျိုးသားများအဖွဲ့ချုပ်၊ ဝ

(၁၀) ဝ အမျိုးသားဖွံ့ဖြိုးတိုးတက်ရေးပါတီ၊ ဝ

 

Chronology နေ့စွဲဒိုင်ယာရီ

1947:

Burma's first constitution is drafted, which grants some ethnic nationality groups, the Shan and Karenni, the right of secession from the Union of Burma after 10 years.

 

January 4, 1948:

Burma gains independence from British rule and institutes the 1947 Constitution.

 

March 1974:

Burma's second constitution is implemented after a nationwide referendum in late 1973 endorses it, transferring power from the military-controlled Revolutionary Council (RC), which seized power in March 1962, to the Burma Socialist Program Party (BSPP).

 

September 18, 1988:

The Burmese army seizes power after months of country-wide, anti-government demonstrations following the fall of the Burma Socialist Program Party. The military forms a State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) that promises to conduct multi-party elections in the future. The SLORC's four "duties" under SLORC Declaration No.1/88 include the "holding of multi-party General Election." The 1974 constitution is suspended.

 

May 31, 1989:

The SLORC Law No.14/89, "Pyithu Hluttaw Election Law," states clearly in Chapter 3 Section 3 that the "Hluttaw (Assembly) shall be formed with the Hluttaw representatives who have been elected." This law makes clear that the election will form a national legislative body, not a constitutional drafting body.

 

May 27, 1990:

A general election is held in Burma with surprisingly few government restrictions. The National League for Democracy (NLD), many of whose leaders where arrested and placed in custody in 1989, wins 392 out of 485 parliamentary seats (80 percent of seats, with approximately 60 percent of the popular vote). The second-largest-winning party is the Shan Nationalities League for Democracy (SNLD), which wins 23 seats. The military-backed party, the National Unity Party (NUP), wins just 10 seats.

 

July 27, 1990:

The military government promulgates SLORC Declaration No. 1/90, which states that "the desire of the majority of the political parties which contested the General Election is to draw up a new constitution ...[c]onsequently, under the present circumstances the representatives elected by the people are those who have the responsibility to draw up the constitution of the future democratic State." The SLORC maintains martial law and continues to exercise legislative, executive and judicial power.

 

April 24, 1992:

The SLORC announces that the National Convention to write a new constitution will convene at an unspecified future date.

 

May 28, 1992:

A Steering Committee is formed to plan the convention. The committee includes 14 junta officials and 28 people from seven different political parties. It is chaired by Rangoon Military Commander Lt. Gen. Myo Nyunt.

 

July 10, 1992:

The National Convention's 702 delegates are named, only 99 of which are members of Parliament from the 1990 election (about 15 percent of all delegates). The majority of delegates are township-level officials selected by the SLORC.

 

16 September, 1992:

The 104 basic principles of the National Convention, the foundations of the future constitution, are finalized.

 

October 2, 1992:

The SLORC announces the six objectives of the National Convention in SLORC Order No. 13/92, the first three of which are the same as the SLORC's "Three Main National Causes":

1. Non-disintegration of the Union;

2. Non-disintegration of national unity;

3. Perpetuation of national sovereignty;

4. Promotion of a genuine multiparty democracy;

5. Promotion of the universal principles of justice, liberty and equality; and,

6. Participation by the Defence Services in a national political leadership role in the future state.

 

January 9, 1993:

The National Convention starts its first session with the announcement that the first six objectives of the process have already been decided. It adjourns after just two days following dissension from opposition and ethnic delegates.

 

April 7, 1993:

The convention is suspended again after ethnic nationality delegates protest against the proposed centralized political structure.

 

June 7, 1993:

The Rangoon Military Commander Lt. Gen. Myo Nyunt reopens the convention by stating that the new constitution must guarantee a leading role for the defence services in national politics.

 

August 4, 1993:

National Convention delegate Dr. Aung Khin Sint, an elected member of the NLD, is arrested for handing out leaflets critical of the convention.

 

September 15, 1993:

The SLORC forms the Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA), a social welfare movement that skirts the law prohibiting civil servants from being members of political parties by registering under SLORC Law 6/88, the Association Law. The association's patron is General Than Shwe, the President of Burma and head of the SLORC.

 

September 16, 1993:

The National Convention is suspended again, as ethnic minority representatives continue to propose a federal system. According to official reports, delegates have agreed to the 104 principles for the draft constitution.

 

October 15, 1993:

Twelve political activists are detained in Rangoon for publicly criticizing the National Convention.

 

January 18 to April 9, 1994:

Delegates draw up specific chapters on the structure of the state and the head of state. Despite opposition from many of the elected representatives, the convention approves a presidential rather than a parliamentary system. According to the approved draft, the president of Burma must have been a continuous resident for more than 20 years, have political, administrative, military and economic experience, and not have a spouse or children who are citizens of another country. Such requirements eliminate opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi as a candidate.

 

September 2, 1994:

The National Convention reconvenes and discusses self-administered areas, the legislature, the executive branch and the judiciary. The move by the government to reserve one-third of all parliamentary seats for the defence services is approved by the convention.

 

July 10, 1995:

The General Secretary of the NLD, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, is released from house arrest.

 

November 28, 1995:

The National League for Democracy requests a review of the National Convention's working procedures. Specifically, NLD delegates want to repeal orders which censor debate and allow for criminal punishment of those who speak against the military during the convention. Authorities deny the request and the 86 delegates from the NLD boycott the meetings for two days.

 

November 29, 1995:

The National League for Democracy delegates are expelled from the convention.

 

December 23, 1995:

The convention acknowledges and then rejects a Shan Nationalities League for Democracy proposal for the constitution to accept the principle of sovereignty invested in the people.

 

March 31, 1996:

The SLORC adjourns the National Convention following the departure of the NLD representatives. It is widely believed that the detailed basic principles (DBPs) of a future constitution have already been finalized during the 1994-1996 sessions, including sections of the head of state, the legislature, executive, judiciary, the role of the military, and self administered areas for small ethnic nationality groups.

 

June 7, 1996:

The SLORC enacts Law No 5/96, "The Law Protecting the Peaceful and Systematic Transfer of State Responsibility and the Successful Performance of the Functions of the National Convention against Disturbances and Oppositions," a sweeping law which makes public criticism of the National Convention illegal and punishable by long prison sentences.

 

November 18, 1997:

The SLORC changes its name to the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), but apart from a reshuffle of regional military commanders and cabinet ministers, the changes to military rule in Burma are minimal.

 

September 16, 1998:

The Committee Representing the People's Parliament (CRPP), is formed to represent the concerns of members of the 1990 elected parliament, comprising nine members of the National League for Democracy and one Arakan committee member representing four "ethnic" parties. The CRPP is criticized for its composition, with three members not being elected in the 1990 poll (including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi) and being too dominated by Burman representatives.

 

May 30, 2003:

An attack by USDA militias on Daw Aung San Suu Kyi's traveling NLD motorcade at Depayin in upper Burma kills an unverified number of her supporters and injures scores of others. Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and U Tin Oo are incarcerated in Insein Prison in Rangoon then returned to house arrest. The international community condemns the attack, which many believe to be a clumsy assassination attempt orchestrated by the SPDC, and the Japanese government suspends its Overseas Development Aid (ODA) program in protest.

 

August 30, 2003:

Prime Minister General Khin Nyunt announces the SPDC's "Seven Steps Policy Program of the State," called the "Road Map to Democracy." The seven steps are:

1. Reconvening of the National Convention that had been adjourned since 1996;

2. After the successful holding of the National Convention, implement step-by-step the process necessary for the emergence of a genuine and disciplined democratic system;

3. Drafting of a new constitution in accordance with basic principles and detailed basic principles laid down by the National Convention;

4. Adoption of the constitution through national referendum;

5. Holding of free and fair elections for Pyithu Hluttaws (Legislative bodies) according to a new constitution;

6. Convening of Hluttaws attended by Hluttaw members in accordance with the new constitution; and,

7. Building a modern, developed and democratic nation by the state leaders elected by the Hluttaw; and the government and other central organs formed by the Hluttaw.

 

December 15, 2003:

A multilateral meeting in Thailand announces the "Bangkok Process" to support the "Seven Steps Road Map" and welcomes Burmese Foreign Minister Win Aung's promise to restart the National Convention. Representatives of Australia, Austria, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan and Singapore, and the UN Secretary-General's Special Envoy Razali Ismail attend the three-hour briefing by Win Aung and express confidence in the process. UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan welcomes the developments in a statement on December 19.

 

March 30, 2004:

The chairman of the National Conventional Convening Commission (NCCC), Lt. Gen. Thein Sein, announces that the National Convention will reconvene on May 17, 2004.

 

May 17 - July 9, 2004:

The first post-Road Map National Convention session resumes at a purpose-built hall called Nyaunghnapin Camp in Hwambi Township, north of Rangoon. Many ethnic nationality ceasefire militias such as the New Mon State Party (NMSP) and Kachin Independence Organization (KIO) attend. At its conclusion, 13 of 17 ethnic ceasefire groups issue a joint proposal for devolving authority to future state assemblies and for those assemblies to maintain armed militias.

 

October 19, 2004:

Prime Minister General Khin Nyunt is arrested and nearly 1,000 of his military intelligence officers are purged, many of them later charged with widespread corruption and imprisoned.

 

February 17 - 31 March, 2005:

The National Convention conducts another session with 1,075 delegations attending, including members of ethnic ceasefire groups, to discuss legislative power sharing. Some Shan delegates leave the convention in February following the arrest of leaders of the Shan Nationalities League for Democracy (SNLD), which won the second-highest number of seats in the 1990 general election, including the SNLD chairman Hkun Htun Oo and the leader of the Shan State Army-North, Maj. Gen. Sao Hso Ten.

 

February 18, 2005:

UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan calls on the SPDC "even at this late stage, to take the necessary steps to make the roadmap process more inclusive and credible."

 

November 7, 2005:

The SPDC relocates its administrative capital from Rangoon to a purpose-built city in the mountains near Pyinmana, a town called Naypyidaw, over 300 kilometers north of Rangoon. Within months many of the government ministries are moved to this new capital, which will reputedly include planned parliamentary buildings.

 

December 5, 2005 - January 31, 2006:

The National Convention conducts its third post-"Road Map" session in Nyaunghnapin Camp with 1,074 of 1080 invited delegates attending. The session "adopted the detailed basic principles of the chapters on the sharing of the executive and judicial powers."

 

January 10, 2006:

The National Convention begins discussion on the role of the Armed Forces in the future political system.

 

May 24, 2006:

The UN's Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs Ibrahim Gambari, after a three-day visit to Burma, says the National Convention would not resume until October 2006.

 

July 27, 2006:

The Burmese foreign minister Nyan Win tells ASEAN foreign ministers that a conclusion of the National Convention could be announced by the ASEAN Summit in December 2006.

 

July 29, 2006:

Lt. Gen Thein Sein, chairman of the National Conventional Convening Commission, claims in a statement at the new capital of Naypyidaw that 75 percent of the constitution has been drafted.

 

October 10 - December 29, 2006:

The National Convention sits for its fourth session, completing the chapters on the Role of the Military (Tatmadaw), and national legislature, including the lower house People's Assembly (Pyithu Hluttaw) and Nationalities Assembly (Amyotha Hluttaw), and the fundamental rights and duties of citizens.

 

October 18, 2006:

The Inter-Parliamentary Union Governing Council at its 179th session in Geneva states that "the National Convention, in its present form, is designed to prolong and legitimize military rule against the will of the people."

 

November 27, 2006:

Following his three-day visit to Burma from November 9-12, Mr. Gambari briefs the UN Informal Consultative Group on Myanmar (ICGM) and states that "the UN has been consistent in questioning the credibility of a process that is not all-inclusive of political tendencies and responsive enough to the concerns of all ethnic groups. At the same time, it is important to be aware that the National Convention has clear momentum and therefore the opportunity to influence this first step in the roadmap process may be dwindling."

 

January 12, 2007

The United Nations Security Council votes on a motion condemning Burma's human rights abuses as a threat to international security. The motion is vetoed by China and Russia. South Africa also votes against it.

 

February 12, 2007:

UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, Paulo Sergio Pinheiro, states in his report to the Human Rights Council that the National Convention, while recognizing that it held potential for political transition, "has been strictly limited and delineated ... [and] marked by a lack of transparency."

 

May 25, 2007:

The SPDC extends the house-arrest order of Daw Aung San Suu Kyi for another year.

 

June 5, 2007:

The National Convention Convening Commission announces the final session of the NC will start on July 18, to make "some amendments, additions and nullification to some of the points ... to ensure that the constitution is free from flaws and weaknesses." The final seven chapters of the constitution will also be completed.

 

June 29, 2007:

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) releases a statement denouncing the SPDC's gross violations of international humanitarian law.

 

July 3, 2007:

The SPDC claims that "terrorist insurgent groups" based on the Burma-Thailand border are planning acts of violence to disrupt the National Convention process.

 

July 18, 2007:

The National Convention resumes for its pronounced final session.

 

Referendum ဆန္ဒခံယူပွဲ

A constitutional referendum was held in Myanmar on 10 and 24 May 2008

 

8 November 2015 ရွေးကောက်ပွဲ

House of Nationalities အမျိုးသားလွှတ်တော်

168 of the 224 seats in the House of Nationalities (Amyotha Hluttaw) were up for election. The remaining 56 seats (25%) were not elected, and instead reserved for military appointees (taken from Tatmadaw personnel; officially known as Defence Services Personnel Representatives). There are 12 members elected per state/region, including one member from each self-administered zone.

 

Party Votes % Seats %

• National League for Democracy 135 60.3

• Union Solidarity and Development Party 11 4.9

• Arakan National Party 10 4.5

• Shan Nationalities League for Democracy 3 1.3

• Ta'ang National Party 2 0.9

• Zomi Congress for Democracy 2 0.9

• Mon National Party 1 0.4

• National Unity Party 1 0.4

• Pa-O National Organisation 1 0.4

• All Mon Region Democracy Party 0 0.0

• Shan Nationalities Democratic Party 0 0.0

• Independent 2 0.9

• Others 0 0.0

• Military appointees – – 56 25.0

Total 100 224 100

 

House of Representatives ပြည်သူ့လွှတ်တော်

There are 330 of 440 seats in the House of Representatives (Pyithu Hluttaw) that are elected, of which 323 were filled after seven seats were cancelled due to the ongoing armed insurgencies in Shan State.[23] The remaining 110 seats (25%) were not elected, and instead reserved for military appointees (taken from Tatmadaw personnel; officially known as Defence Services Personnel Representatives). Members are elected to constituencies based on township and population.

 

Party Votes % Seats %

• National League for Democracy 12,794,561 57.06 255 58.0

• Union Solidarity and Development Party 6,341,920 28.28 30 6.8

• Arakan National Party 490,664 2.19 12 2.7

• National Unity Party 419,442 1.87 0 0.0

• Shan Nationalities League for Democracy 352,914 1.57 12 2.7

• Pa-O National Organisation 224,673 1.00 3 0.7

• Myanmar Farmers Development Party 171,821 0.77 0 0.0

• Shan Nationalities Democratic Party 133,486 0.60 0 0.0

• National Democratic Force 112,285 0.50 0 0.0

• Ta'ang National Party 97,394 0.43 3 0.7

• Mon National Party 94,621 0.42 0 0.0

• Kayin People's Party 82,910 0.37 0 0.0

• Kachin State Democracy Party 27,877 0.12 1 0.2

• Zomi Congress for Democracy 27,142 0.12 2 0.5

• Lisu National Development Party 24,096 0.11 2 0.5

• Kokang Democracy and Unity Party 13,990 0.06 1 0.2

• Wa Democratic Party 8,216 0.04 1 0.2

• Independent and others 1,005,617 4.48 1 0.2

• Cancelled due to insurgency – – 7 1.6

• Military appointees – – 110 25.0

Total 22,423,629 100 440 100

 

၈-၁၁-၂၀၂၀ ရွေးကောက်ပွဲ

House of Representatives ပြည်သူ့လွှတ်တော်

Party Seats %

• National League for Democracy 258 58.6

• Union Solidarity and Development Party 26 5.9

• Shan National League for Democracy 13 3.0

• Arakan National Party 4 0.9

• Ta'ang National Party 3 0.7

• Pa-O National Organisation 3 0.7

• Mon Unity Party 2 0.5

• Kayah State Democratic Party 2 0.5

• Kachin State People's Party 1 0.2

• Arakan Front Party 1 0.2

• Wa National Party 1 0.2

• Zomi Congress for Democracy 1 0.2

• Kokang Democracy and Unity Party 0 0.0

• Lisu National Development Party 0 0.0

• Wa Democratic Party 0 0.0

• Independents 0 0.0

• Cancelled due to insurgency 15 3.4

• Military appointees 110 25.0

Total 440 100

 

House of Nationalities အမျိုးသားလွှတ်တော်

Party Seats %

• National League for Democracy 138 61.6

• Union Solidarity and Development Party 73.1

• Arakan National Party 41.8

• Mon Unity Party 31.3

• Kayah State Democratic Party 31.3

• Shan National League for Democracy 20.9

• Ta'ang National Party 20.9

• Pa-O National Organization 10.4

• New Democracy Party 10.4

• National Unity Party 00.0

• Zomi Congress for Democracy 00.0

• Independents 00.0

• Cancelled due to insurgency 73.1

• Military appointees 56 25.0

Total 224 100

 

၁-၂-၂၀၂၁ စစ်တပ်က တတိယအကြိမ်အာဏာသိမ်းယူ

 

ဒေါက်တာတင့်ဆွေ

 

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